Refugees, internally displaced persons and returnees must be at the centre of decision-making concerning their protection and well-being. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the protection problems they face, it is essential to consult them directly and to listen to them. Their right to participate in decisions on matters that affect their lives is enshrined in human rights instruments and UNHCR policy and guidelines, in particular the Agenda for Protection. The participation from the outset of refugee women and men, young and old and from diverse backgrounds, in the definition of problems and the design of programmes for their benefit is crucial to serving, assisting, and protecting them and ensuring an effective operation.