This paper reviews the first of two Hosing & Hazards studies into affordable techniques for strengthening Kutcha housing. A participatory survey identified the common building materials in use and obtained the views of a cross-section of professionals and self-help builders. . . The factors which govern the choices of building materials open to low-income families are discussed. Those factors include tradition, building function, material cost, availability and access to skills. Suggestions are made concerning incorporation of such factors in the design of housing Programs in rural areas.