Humanitarian stakeholders are increasingly concerned about the impacts of current or emerging global challenges, such as climate change, the food crisis and financial crises, extreme poverty, urbanization, water scarcity, energy security, migration and population growth, on the caseloads that humanitarian agencies work with and the operational environments they will have to work in. While anticipating the evolution of these challenges _ propelled by various political, economic, legal, demographic, environmental, and technological factors _ is a complex task at best, it is clear that their individual and combined impacts are already shaping, and will continue to shape international humanitarian action