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Each year, up to 3.5 million people in the Niger rely on humanitarian assistance. Two-thirds of the population – about 10 million people – lives on less than USD 1 per day. The country’s already limited natural resources are increasingly affected by climate change. Sociopolitical upheaval in parts of North and West Africa have led to the return of over 240 000 migrants to the Niger between February and September 2011. Most returned to vulnerable communities that relied on their remittances as a key coping mechanism during times of crisis, thus increasing the burden on these communities and decreasing their income.