There are new challenges to face. The global recession has left no continent untouched and threatens to drive millions of people further into deprivation. Climate change poses the greatest risk to people in the poorest countries “ whether on the flooded shores of Bangladesh or the arid plains of Mozambique. The same fragile states that provide a safe haven for drug runners and terrorists trap more than a third of the world's poorest people in a web of violence and lawlessness. This White Paper deals with each of the new issues in turn and reaffirms that as the development challenges change, so too will the British response, delivering the maximum impact in changing and saving lives.