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How to Reduce Vulnerability of Existing Structures in Earthquake Affected Areas of Jammu and Kashmir. This manual has been prepared to assist in the restoration and retrofitting of structures located in the rural areas of earthquake affected Kashmir, situated in the northernmost area of India and in Pakistan. The earthquake that struck this area on 8 October 2005 destroyed and damaged several thousand houses and killed around one hundred thousand people.
The Kashmir region has witnessed frequent earthquakes in the past. But this earthquake demonstrated how extremely vulnerable the buildings in this region are. It also showed that when people build houses they do not seem to be aware of the threats posed by earthquakes.