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The earthquake that hit northern Pakistan on 8 October 2005 left widespread destruction, killing at least 73,000 people, severely injuring another 70,000 and leaving 2.8 million people without shelter. The worst affected provinces - Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK) and North Western Frontier Province (NWFP) - suffered extensive structural and economic damage, with vulnerable groups in this mountainous region bearing the brunt of the earthquake’s impact. The overall cost of relief and reconstruction efforts associated with the earthquake is estimated at USD 5.2 billion, a substantial part of which will be funded by international donors, and of which an estimated USD 3.5 billion is for reconstruction and rehabilitation.