This paper provides an overview of major problems and possible solutions, and suggests criteria and policy directions for reconstruction and development. It also expands on major policy areas deserving special priority, on which five separate issues papers have been prepared. These are the development of trading relationship of Burundi with the outside world—especially Central and East Africa; the nexus between land, environment, and conflict; opportunities for and constraints on private sector development; further reform of the public financial management apparatus; and the struggle against official corruption.