This paper explores the human resource development aspects of livelihood strategies, and in particular the relationship with basic education. It frames the search through examining knowledge streams and posing questions. But to continue to neglect the fundamental task of education for all, to provide educational opportunity at least through primary school, for every child worldwide, was to shortchange development at its base. Jomtien reminded the education community of several important principles: to look beyond mere enrollment as a measure of educational success; to assess what is actually learned; to focus not only on learning substance, but also on developing continuing capacities to learn; and to place basic education higher on national agendas.