The purpose of this toolkit is to provide a practical introduction to the relationship between land and violent conflict, whether we are talking about how land issues function as causal or aggravating factors in conflict, or whether we are thinking about land issues that arise in post-conflict settings. The toolkit is also designed to familiarize practitioners with a range of programmatic interventions and to sensitize officers to the fact that development activities, such as infrastructure projects and the exploitation of underground resources, can inadvertently cause land conflicts to erupt.