This evaluation of the World Bank’s experience with natural disasters was done by the Independent Evaluation Group–World Bank at the request of the Bank’s Board of Executive Directors. It comes at an appropriate time. Natural disasters are affecting development in many countries, setting back hard-won development gains. In consequence, lending for natural disasters is a growing business for the Bank. The lessons produced by this evaluation are expected to inform good practice and ensure the achievement of results in Bank activities. The evaluation is also intended for use in an ongoing revision of the Bank’s policy statement on emergency assistance.